ENVIORNMENTAL SAFTY

FIRE SAFTY:

• keep open space free of clutter
• clearly mark fire exit.
• Know the location fire alarm exit and extinguisher

Priority action   in the event of fire.      

Remember mnemonic RACE 

• R –rescue( remove all  client from the of fire)
• A– alarm (activate the fire alarm)
• C– confirm (close door and windows  for prevent spreads .)
• E– extinguish (extinguish the fire by using the extinguisher)

USING FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Remember mnemonic  PASS.

1. P– pull the pin
2. A– aim at the base of fire.
3. S-squeeze the handle.
4. S-sweep the fire from side to side

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

TYPES OF BLOOD COMPONENTS  

RBC –

Used to replace erythrocytes.   one bag contain 250 or, 300,or 350ml.  Each units increases the HB by 1 gldl and Hematocrit by 2% to 3%.

Whole blood

 Rarely used.  Used to resolve hypovolemic shock resulting from hemorrhage.  Contain RBC,Plasma, and Plasma proteins.  Each unit contain 500 ml.

Platelets

  Platelets are used to treat thrombocytopenia and platelets dysfunctions.  Cross matching is not required but it usually done.  (Platelet concentrates contain few RBC only).  One unit of platelet may vary from 50 to 70 ml per unit to 200 to 400 ml/unit.  Platelets are administered immediately up on receipt form the blood bank and are given rapidly, usually over 15 to 30 minutes.  Evaluation of platelets count is done 18 to 24 hours after administration.

TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION(TPN)

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TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION

• TPN supplies necessary nutrients via veins.
• It supplies carbohydrate in the form of dextrose or Glucose, fat in special emulsified form, Proteins in the form of amino acids, vitamins minerals, and water.

Indication

• Severe dysfunction or non functioning of GI tracts.
• When GI tract is unable be process nutrient normally.
• Client who can’t take enough nutrient orally.
• Client with multiple abdominal surgery and GI trauma.
• Severe intolerance to enteric feeding.
• Intestinal obstruction or bowel needs to rest for healing.
• Client with AIDS, Cancer, malnutrition or client receiving chemotherapy.

INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
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DEFINITION

Intravenous (IV) therapy is the administration of a fluid substance (solution) directly into a vein as a therapeutic treatment.

PURPOSE and USES